MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
The general management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is summarized in Table 3-7. Furosemide and morphine comprise standard first-line drug therapy. Digitalis is not necessary acutely unless atrial fibrillation or other supraventricular tachyarrhythmia is contributing to the pulmonary edema. Reversible causes or exacerbating factors of pulmonary edema should be sought (e.g., anemia, arrhythmia, etc.).
If initial measures fail to correct pulmonary edema, or if drug administration is limited by the development of hypotension, more aggressive management to include invasive hemodynamic monitoring is usually indicated. Parenteral inotropic and vasodilating agents may be administered. If adequate ventilation cannot be maintained, intubation with mechanical ventilation may be required to maintain oxygenation and decrease the work of breathing. In cases refractory to the above measures in whom a reversible process is present, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation may be employed.
- ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
- SHOCK
- ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
- GROSS ANATOMY
- SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES
- CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
- MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CORONARY CIRCULATION
- CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
- CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
- MYOCARDIAL METABOLISM
- ACYATJOTIC LESIONS
- NONPHARMACOLOQICAL MANAGEMENT OF HEART FAILURE
- MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
- CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
- EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
- VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
- PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
- HIGH-OUTPUT STATES