MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
The general management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is summarized in Table 3-7. Furosemide and morphine comprise standard first-line drug therapy. Digitalis is not necessary acutely unless atrial fibrillation or other supraventricular tachyarrhythmia is contributing to the pulmonary edema. Reversible causes or exacerbating factors of pulmonary edema should be sought (e.g., anemia, arrhythmia, etc.).
If initial measures fail to correct pulmonary edema, or if drug administration is limited by the development of hypotension, more aggressive management to include invasive hemodynamic monitoring is usually indicated. Parenteral inotropic and vasodilating agents may be administered. If adequate ventilation cannot be maintained, intubation with mechanical ventilation may be required to maintain oxygenation and decrease the work of breathing. In cases refractory to the above measures in whom a reversible process is present, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation may be employed.
- PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
- EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
- SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES
- CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
- ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
- MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CORONARY CIRCULATION
- CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
- VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
- HIGH-OUTPUT STATES
- CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
- CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT
- ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
- GROSS ANATOMY
- MYOCARDIAL METABOLISM
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
- SHOCK
- MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
- ACYATJOTIC LESIONS
- NONPHARMACOLOQICAL MANAGEMENT OF HEART FAILURE